资料图:美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀 摄
由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素,众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中,美国民主党议员继续抱团,多轮投票中,一票不投麦卡锡,共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。
麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折,除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外,与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。
一方面,共和党党内反对者认为,麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱,无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府,另一方面,因为共和党的多数优势微弱,党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大,有利于他们巩固自己的选票。
此外,党内反对者也认为,自己的选票没有换取更多利益,希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步,比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。
作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物,众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任,选举几乎没有悬念。然而,麦卡锡此次为当选,不得不做出多个关键让步,其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制,使得众议长的权力被削弱,难以掌控众议院。
美国有线电视新闻网CNN称,麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步,这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。
这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下,党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上,美国两党相互拆台,陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内,也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系,相互对抗,选票变成了谋利益的工具。
从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举,“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈,长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力,其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。
两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病,美国所谓的“民主”形象,让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举,变成了政客们利益置换的游戏,进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能,不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。
House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy
(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".
The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.
Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.
On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.
On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.
Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.
As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.
But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.
CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.
This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.
Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.
From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.
Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.
The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.
中央农村工作会议系列解读③牢固树立大食物观 夯实农业强国建设基础****** 作者:孙致陆 中国农业科学院农业经济与发展研究所 近日,习近平总书记在2022年中央农村工作会议上强调,“保障粮食和重要农产品稳定安全供给始终是建设农业强国的头等大事”,“要树立大食物观,构建多元化食物供给体系,多途径开发食物来源”。这是恰逢其时、意义深远、安澜大局的谋划。大食物观,反映了我国粮食和重要农产品供给能力提升的现实,为加快建设有中国特色的农业强国开辟了新的战略路径。 从“粮食”到“食物”再到“大食物观”的转变,既立足于新时期国家粮食安全战略,也是与时俱进的理念创新。一方面,树立大食物观,是保障粮食安全的题中应有之义。要向森林要食物,向草原要食物,向江河湖海要食物,向设施农业要食物,向植物动物微生物要热量、要蛋白,构建可持续、多元化的食物供给体系,把中国人的饭碗牢牢端在自己手中。另一方面,树立大食物观,要从更好满足人民群众美好生活需要出发,掌握人民群众食物消费结构变化趋势,在确保粮食供给的同时,保障肉类、蔬菜、水果、水产品等各类食物稳定安全供给,让食物品类更加丰富、结构更加优化、品质更有保障,牢牢守住人民群众“舌尖上的幸福”。 我国有14多亿人口,每天要消耗70万吨粮食、10万吨食用油、192万吨蔬菜和23万吨肉,粮食和重要农产品稳定安全供给是“国之大者”。2022年我国粮食总产量为13730.6亿斤,已连续8年保持在1.3万亿斤以上,续写了用世界9%的耕地和6%的淡水养活世界近20%人口的奇迹。但也应该看到,在内部,今后我国粮食和重要农产品继续稳产增产面临的资源、环境、科技等方面的约束会越来越大,并且近年来,较高的生产成本、较高的食物损失与浪费率、不合理的居民饮食结构等因素导致我国粮食和部分重要农产品进口量呈持续增长态势;在外部,当今世界正处于百年变局与世纪疫情交汇之际,国际经贸摩擦频发、全球产业链供应链价值链加速重构、地缘政治冲突与阵营对抗加剧和新冠疫情持续,导致全球农产品市场面临的不稳定性和不确定性明显增强,极大地增加了我国粮食安全面临的外部风险和压力,对我国食物供需平衡也带来了前所未有的冲击和挑战。 面对复杂多变的国内外严峻形势,如何稳定安全地满足人民群众日益多元化、健康化、个性化的食物消费需求?这需要在生产端、消费端、流通端和贸易端同时发力,推动大食物观落地、落实、落细、落好,夯实农业强国建设基础。 在生产端,要在保护好生态环境的前提下,抓住耕地和种子两个要害,从耕地资源向整个国土资源拓展,宜粮则粮、宜经则经、宜牧则牧、宜渔则渔、宜林则林、宜果则果、宜菜则菜,依靠科技和改革的双轮驱动,形成同市场需求相适应、同资源环境承载力相匹配的现代农业生产结构和区域布局,持续增强“多元、营养、健康”食物的国内供给能力。 在消费端,要加强膳食营养与健康知识的宣传和教育,强化全社会“大食物观”共识,培养居民尽快形成科学健康、杜绝浪费的良好饮食习惯,优化膳食结构,平衡膳食营养摄入,推动居民饮食结构尽快由“吃得饱”“吃得好”向“吃得营养”“吃得健康”转型。 在流通端,要以“大粮食”“大产业”“大市场”“大流通”为理念,以建设农产品全国统一大市场和大流通体系为抓手,从顺应生产端和消费端的供需结构变化出发,全面发力打通食物供应链的各个环节,提高流通效率,降低流通成本,确保多元化食物产得了、运得出、供得上、供得优。 在贸易端,要依靠制度型开放推进更高水平的农业对外开放,消除和防范国内国际农产品市场双循环面临的障碍和风险,推动“一带一路”农业国际合作高质量发展,增强粮食和重要农产品全球供应链的韧性,加快构建充分利用国内国际两个市场、两种资源的食物稳定安全供给大格局。 “食为政首,粮安天下”。牢固树立大食物观,提高粮食和重要农产品稳定安全供给能力,是建设农业强国的安全底线和重要物质基础,必须立足现实国情,做好顶层设计,加强资源要素有效配置,以推动尽快实现建设有中国特色的农业强国的宏伟目标。 (本文为国家自然科学基金国际合作与交流项目(项目编号:71961147001)的阶段性成果) (文图:赵筱尘 巫邓炎) [责编:天天中] 阅读剩余全文() ![]() 168彩票地图 |